Directions (1-5): Read each sentence, divided into five parts, to find out whether there is any grammatical or idiomatic error in it. The error, if any, will be in one part of the sentence. Below each sentence you are provided with five options. The first three options suggest you the possible sequences of the correct parts of the sentence. Choose the sequence which consists of correct parts of the sentence. If there is no error in the sentence, choose option (d). If none of the options gives the correct sequence and if there is indeed an error in some part of the sentence, choose (e) as your option.

1. For many in the United States, the concept of information warfare burst onto the stage suddenly with the 2016 elections and Russian interference. (A)/Judging by the pundits, this was a novel development and something that no one could have anticipated. (B)/In reality, this was simple American exceptionalism and, (C)/to a degree, ignorance at work. (D)/ No Error (E)

a) only C
b) only A
c) A and C
d) B and C
e) No error

2. The resulting knowledge gap was swiftly filled with books, commentary, and analysis that seek to explain (A)/information warfare, propaganda, hybrid warfare, and the panoply(B)/ of other terms associated with Russia’s influence operations. (C)/Standing out in this increasing crowded field is a challenge. (D)/ No Error (E)

a) only A
b) only D
c) A and D
d) B and C
e) No error

3. More has been hypothesized about how Coronavirus will affect global geopolitics. (A)/As the global economy halts, policymakers focus on internal affairs more over international issues, (B)/ nations enter into recessions, unemployment soars, (C)/and borders are reopening at a snail’s pace. (D)/ No Error (E)

a) only A
b) only D
c) A and B
d) B and C
e) No error

4. Central and Eastern Europe has been, and continue to be, on the frontlines of Russian information warfare. (A)/They have experienced, first hand, the varieties, (B)/types, and flavors of (C)/ what is this type of conflict and could be. (D)/ No Error (E)

a) only A
b) only D
c) A and D
d) B and C
e) No error

5. But while local populations are becoming more vocal about their opinion regarding China’s role(A)/ in their respected countries, Central Asian governments have to be (B)/ cautioned. After all, Beijing and Chinese companies(C)/ are major investors throughout Central Asia. (D)/ No Error (E)

a) only A
b) only D
c) A and C
d) B and C
e) No error

Answers:-

1. Sol. A The error is in part C
In Part C, “simple” should be replaced with “simply’.

2. Sol. C, The error is in part A and D
In Part A, “seek” should be replaced with “sought” as the main clause is in past.
In Part D, “increasing” should be replaced with “increasingly’.

3. Sol. C The error is in part A and B
In Part A, “more” should be replaced with “much’.
In Part B, “more over” should be replaced with “more than’ as a comparative conjunction is required.

4. Sol. C The error is in part A and D
In Part A, “has been” should be replaced with “have been’.
In Part D, “is” should be used after “conflict”.

5. Sol. D The error is in part B and C
In Part C, “cautioned” should be replaced with “cautious”.
In Part B, “respected” should be replaced with “respective”.